Integration of Remote-Sensing Techniques for the Preventive Conservation of Paleolithic Cave Art in the Karst of the Altamira Cave

Rock art offers traces of our most remote past and was made with mineral organic substances in shelters, walls, or the ceilings caves. As it is notably fragile, fortunate that some instances remain intact—but a variety natural anthropogenic factors can lead to its disappearance. Therefore, as valuable cultural heritage, rock requires special conservation protection measures. Geomatic remote-sensing technologies such 3D terrestrial laser scanning (3DTLS), drone flight, ground-penetrating radar (GPR) allow us generate exhaustive documentation caves their environment 2D, 2.5D, 3D. However, only combined use geographic information systems (GIS) lets new cave maps details overlying layer thickness, sinkholes, fractures, joints, detachments also more precisely reveal interior–exterior interconnections gaseous exchange; i.e., state senescence karst houses cave. Information this kind great value for research, management, conservation, monitoring, dissemination art.